Method of reproducing objects.



No. 891,013. PATENTED JUNE 16, 1908.-

' J. H. SMITH.

METHOD OF REPRODUGING OBJEGTS.

APPLICATION FILED .TAN.25.1907.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES INVENTOR NQ. 891,013. PATENTED JUNE 16, 1908. J. H. SMITH.

METHOD OF REPRODUGING OBJECTS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 25,1907.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

WHNE SES INVENTOR PATENTED JUNE 16, 1908.

APPLICATION FILED IAN.25.1907.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- INVENTOR JOHN HAMMOND SMITH, OF ALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA.

EETHbD OF REPRODUCIN G OBJECTS.

No.e91,o13.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 16, 1908.

Application flledJ'anuary 25, 1907. Serial No. 358,988.

I T 0 all whomtt may concemf Be it known that I, J OHN HAMMOND SMITH, of Allegheny, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Method of Reproducing Objects, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompan mg drawings, forming part of this speci cation, 1n which- Figure 1 is a pers ective view showing the optical system use in carrying out my invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view of one of the screens; Figs. 3 and 4 are views illustrating the manner in which the screen images are projected nlpon the object'to be photographed and repro uced; and Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the invention.

My \invention is especially designed to provide a method and apparatus for use in the production of all kinds of statuary, where it is possible to use an original as a model, or

where it is possible to arrange a model after the origina idea. It is especially useful where an exact likeness is desired, and where a variation in the ,size of the reproduction with respect to the model is necessary. For instance, a man may be used as a model, and his exact likeness reproduced in a statue of any reasonable size, either smaller or larger than the man himself. The model need be used but once, and then for a few moments only, its dimensions being recorded photographically, after which any number of statue coples may be produced bythe aid of light projected through the photographic plates.

As the dimensions are recorded photographically, models of the most delicate construction are not damaged or injured in any way. My invention also provides a novel method for the illumination of-the roduced statues,

whereby the natural and 1i thereof is'greatly increased.

In carrying out my invention, in its preferred form the object to be reproduced is placed at the center of an o tical system, consisting of a series of com ined cameras and projecting lanterns, or camera projectors. This is illustrated in 1, in which the letter A designates the object to be reproduced,in this case a bust.

2, 3, 4', 5, 6 and 7 designate a series of camera rojectors arranged at different angles to t e object and to be moved towards elike appearance and away from the same on suitable guideways or tracks B. These camera rojectors are shown as being in the same orizontal plane, but they may be arranged at any vertical angle to the object, A, or two or more series of theprojectors may be used at different angles, one of the second series of projectors being shown at 8 in Fig. 1. As will be seen, these various camera projectors are so arranged that their optical axes coincide upon the object A.

In one or more of the camera projectors, which is used simpl as a rojecting lantern, a screen 9 is placed (see ig. 2). This is a transparent screen, whose surface is divided into a multi licity of sub-divisions by means of a series of lines or markings. The screen shown has vertical and horizontal lines intersecting each other to form large squares, each of Wl'llCh is designated by some identifying mark such as the letters shown. These large intersecting oblique lines and by broken vertical lines. A screen of this character being placed in those projectors which are used simply as lanterns, extraneous light is shut out, and the images of these screens are projected by means of a strong light upon the object to be photo aphed. The effect of such projection is sibwn by Figs. 3 and 4, some of the broken vertical lines in these figures being, however, omitted. The other camera projectors are used as cameras, in which photographic plates are exposed, and the ob ect A with the projected screen images thereon, is photographed. After this is done, the screens are removed from the lanterns and the object or model is illuminated by the lanterns, or from some outside source,

such as flash-light or day-light, and other photographs of the model, still in the same position, are then taken, to be used in the illumination of the finished statue as hereinafter described.

The method of roducing the statuary after the photogra lis have been taken in the manner descrlbe is as follows :The devel- 0 ed photographic t eir respective positlons in the camera projectors. These instruments are then used only as projecting lanterns, and generally only two 'at a time. If the statue is to be the same size as the model, the lanterns are left in their original positions; but if the statue is to be larger or smaller than the model, the instruments are moved to a plates are returned to' Y material of the statue.

the reproduction relative to the model may also be varied in any other well known manner. A block of marble, or other material from which the statue is'to be carved or built up, is then fixed in the position of-the original model A. Supposing that one of the screens was originally used in the lantern 2 of Fig. 1, and that a photograph was taken by the camera 3, then in producing the statue the screen will be replaced in the lantern 2 and the photogra hic late will be placed in the lantern 3. t wil be seen, therefore, that the image of the screen and the photograph will be projected upon the block of marb e, and that these two projections must coincide on the surface thereof, where the portions of such surface are made to conform to the model, the distinguished sub-divisions of the screen and the corresponding sub-divisions of the photograph also coincidin upon this surface. This will be readily un erstood by reference to the diagram of Fig. 5, in which the numeral 10 indicates the condensing lens of the lantern 3, 11 the photographic plate, and 12 the camera lens, while 13 is the condensing' lens of the lantern 2, 9 is the screen, and 14 the lens. Supposing the image to be projected to be the circle 15, (revolved sections of which are shown), it will be seen that the projection of this circle from the screen and the photograph will coincide, as shown, at the point where the corresponding light beams of the two projections intersect, while the two images will not be exactly superimposed upon a surface which is nearer or more remote. The image pro'ected from the lantern 2 will be dark, whife that projected by the developed plate in the lantern 3 will be white and will exactly cover the dark image. As above explained, however, these two images will coincide only when the surface upon which they are projected corresponds to the original surface of the-similar portion of the model. If this part of the surface of the material is nearer the sources of projection, the black image will appear to one side of the white image, while if the surface is farther from the sources of projection, the black image Will appear upon the other'side of the white image. Therefore, in making up the statue, the corresponding images projected from the two instruments must be made to coincide, by building up or carving out the Lights of different colors can be used in the rojecting instruments to further increase t e contrast of the two images.

Either negative or positive photogra h plates may be used, as in either case t e lack markings from either projection will be superimposed by the white markings from the other projection. The positive plates, however, are ound most convenient on account of the lpositive image of the model thus obtained. he'positive plates may be used in conjunction with negative plates, however, without departing from the principle of the invention.

In making the complete statue, successive portions thereof are built up or carved out in the manner described, the development of each portion being accomplished by the use of the photograph taken of that particular portion in conjunction with the projected image of the screen.

Instead ,of using photographs of the object to be reproduced, I may use two mechanically made screens representing different views of the object, or views taken at different angles. two screens may t ducing the object.

Two photographs of the object may also be used, instead of one screen and one photoen-be combined in reprograph. Various kinds of screens wlth respect to the character of the markings or sub-divisions thereon may also be used. Thus screens may be made by interposing or placing any opaque material in the optical system of the projector in such a way as to produce markings by projection on the model. And by the term screen as used in the claims, Iintend to mean any distinguishing arrangement of lines or markings whose images or shadows can be upon the model.

A very striking effect may be produced by illuminating the finished statuary in the fo lowing manner :The camera rojectors are used as projecting lanterns wit s from the second set of negatives which were taken when the model was being photographed, as before ex lained. Instead of pro ecting the image 0 the model on a flat The 1projected images of these 80 projected ides made surface, as 1s ordinarily. done, producing a flat picture, the image from these slides is projected on the statue at the-proper angle and distance. The combined effect of the statue and of the picture projected thereon,

both of which bear a likeness to the original sculptors, as the invention greatly increases 125 their resources and enables them to produce exact likenesses, while at the same time they are left free to exercise their artistic skill in the execution of the work and in any modifications thereof which may be desired.

rojecting 1 15 projectors used in The reproductions may be either larger or smaller than the model; and any desired number of copies may be made from a single set of photographs, either at once or after the lapse of tim What I- claim is 1. The method of reproducing objects, which consists in simultaneously projecting two images having distinguishing lines or markings at different angles, and shaping the surface upon which such images are rojected to cause their corresponding ines or markings to coincide; substantially as described.

2. The method of reproducing objects, which consists in first rojecting the image of a screen 11 on a mo el, then photographing the modbl with the projected image thereof, and then projecting the photogra h and the image of the screen coinoidentafiy upon the material from which the object is to be reproduced, and building up or carving such material until the projections coincide; substantially as described.

3. The method of reproducing objects, which consists in first rojecting the image of a screen upon a mo el, then photographing the model with the projected infage thereon, and then projecting the photograph and the image of the screen upon the material from which the object is to be reproduced, the angle between the optical axes of the two projections being'the same as the angle between the original optical axes; substantially as described.

4. The method of reproducing objects, which consists in-first rojecting the image of a screen upon a mo el, then photograph ing the model with the projected image thereon, and then simultaneously projecting 'the photograph and the image of the screen upon the material from which the object is to be reproduced, the angle between the axes of these two projections being the same as the angle between the original axes of projection, and varying the length of such axes to vary the size of the reproduction with respect to the size of the model; substantially as described.

5. The method of reproducing objects, which consists in placing the object to be reproduced, or model, at the center of an op: tical system,projecting a screen image thereon, and hotographing the model with the projecte screen image at different angles, and then projecting the photographs and the screen images, successively upon different portions of the material from which the object is to be reproduced, the. angle between the optical axes of the projections being the same as the angle between the original tical axes of the rojection and photograpii; substantially as escribed.

6. The method of reproducing objects, which consists in illuminating 'a model and at the same time projecting thereon an image,

photographing the object with the projected image at different ang es, and then projecting the photographs and similar images at the same angles as the original projections, and building up or carving a statue by the aid of these projections; substantially as described.

' 7. In the reproduction of objects, the method which consists in projecting a screen image, and a photograph of a model having the same screen image projected thereon, at such angles that the various markings of the two projections will coincide at definite points, and producing at such points a statue by shaping the statue surface to cause the two projectionsto coincide thereon; substantially as described.

8. The method of reproducing objects, and displaying the reproduced object which consists in simultaneously projecting two images at different angles, and shaping the surface upon which such images are projected to cause their corres onding lines or markings to coincide, and tlien illuminating the reproduction and projecting thereon a photograph of the model; substantially as described.

9. The method of reproducing objects, and displaying the reproduced object which consists in first rojecting the image of a screen upon a mode .then photographing the model with the projected image thereon, and then projecting the photograph and the image of the screen coincidentally upon the material from which the object is to be reproduced, and building up or carving such material until the projections coincide, and illuminating the reproduction and rojecting thereon a photograph of the model substantially as described.

10. In the method of reproducing objects, the step which consists in projecting upon a model systematically disposed lines or markingsand photographing the model with such lines or markings thereon substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

' J. HAMMOND SMITH.

Witnesses:

H. M. ConwrN, GEo. H. PARMELEE. 

